Английский язык Единый государственный экзамен - комплекс материалов для подготовки учащихся - 2018

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ АУДИРОВАНИЯ К ПРИМЕРНЫМ ВАРИАНТАМ - ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ

ВАРИАНТ 1

Сейчас Вы будете выполнять задания по аудированию. Каждый текст прозвучит 2 раза. После первого и второго прослушивания у Вас будет время для выполнения и проверки заданий. Все паузы включены в аудиозапись. Остановка и повторное воспроизведение аудиозаписи не предусмотрены. По окончании выполнения всего раздела “Аудирование” перенесите свои ответы в Бланк ответов № 1.

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

Health means a lot to me and I pay attention to it. For me, to be healthy means being active, so I play all kinds of sports. I go to the local gym and it gives me enough energy to lead my hectic lifestyle. I try to squeeze many things into my days, but I always find time to do some push-ups in the morning and evening and I regularly work out with weight machines. At least once a week I fit in a game of tennis. I hope it will keep me away from doctors.

Speaker В

I think the modem lifestyle is too demanding, and apart from having a sharp intellect you need to keep healthy to get ahead in life. Studying and climbing the career ladder can put much stress on anyone. For me, an important thing is to find ways to relieve it, so I do yoga and go swimming at least twice a week, and practice special breathing techniques. I especially love swimming because water has a wonderful ability to wash away your worries and fears.

Speaker C

People say a healthy body means a healthy mind, but I think it’s not the mind that depends on the body but vice versa. You can’t be really healthy if you don’t exercise both. I play football at school to train my muscles, but there are sports to train your brains, too. For instance, I play chess in the local club twice a week. I’m not a champion - my results aren’t high - but I believe chess has made me more successful at Maths - and maybe even healthier as well.

Speaker D

For me, being healthy simply means not being ill. I have generally poor health, sorry to say, and often I have to stay at home. I’m so envious of my schoolmates because they can run around and visit the gym and so on. I’d play sports if I could, but I can’t. When I’m able to join my friends at school and attend classes, I’m truly happy. Actually, I guess lots of people think they’re healthy just because they aren’t in hospital, so in that I’m not unique.

Speaker E

For me, health is an abstract notion. You can’t know if a person is healthy just by looking at him, right? A healthy appearance alone doesn’t mean good health, but still I try to look healthy. This means I use make-up every time I go out so that my complexion looks glowing, and I hide any dark circles around my eyes which appear because of sleepless nights surfing the net but it doesn’t matter, because make-up can help. I like to look my best.

Speaker F

In my opinion, health is a complex thing including many aspects like sports. However, the first criterion of health for me is a person’s figure. I don’t believe an overweight person can claim to have good health. I watch my weight using home scales. When I see any weight gain, it’s a signal that something is wrong and I need to do something about it. Other than this, I don’t really pay much attention to following a healthy lifestyle.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Jane: Hi, Mike. How are you? I hope you’re feeling better.

Mike: Yea, 1 think I’m getting back to normal after that nasty flu. It’s just that I’m tired of being home alone, doing nothing all day long. I can’t wait to get back to school, but right now I’m still too weak.

Jane: I hope you’re not going to risk your health and leave the house too early. Besides, you’re allowed visitors now, right? Why not invite some friends over?

Mike: Yea, of course, I’ll do that, but everyone’s busy, and they can’t stay for long anyway.

Jane: So why don’t you read books or watch TV?

Mike: I’ve tried reading, but it’s still difficult. TV is easier, so I’ve been watching a lot of TV recently.

Jane: Poor thing! I’d hate having to be glued to that box. Was there anything good on TV today?

Mike: Actually, yes, there was an interesting nature documentary.

Jane: Oh, do you like that kind of program? I didn’t know that.

Mike: I didn’t use to watch documentaries, but today I didn’t have anything else to do.

Jane: What was it called?

Mike: ‘The Gentle Giant’. It was about gorillas and the way they live. To be honest, it was pretty interesting. I learned some things which could be useful in my Biology classes.

Jane: What was so special about it then?

Mike: It was just really interesting and the photography was excellent. It was a high quality production.

Jane: It must have been produced by BBC or maybe ‘Animal Planet’. They’re both really good at making stuff like that. It sounds interesting. What time was it on?

Mike: From 2 to 3 p.m.

Jane: I’m sorry I missed it. Will it be shown again?

Mike: Yea, I think it’s going to be repeated next Sunday.

Jane: Good. What about tonight; is there anything interesting on? I feel like relaxing a bit - school was absolute torture today! When you’re back on your feet, you’ll miss these quiet days at home, believe me.

Mike: Matter of fact, there’s a quiz program starting soon. Would you mind if we watch it? I don’t want to miss it - you know I love everything educational.

Jane: Sure, turn it on. I’ve been looking forward to it all day myself. But then I want to watch the next episode of my favorite sitcom.

Mike: Okay, we’ll switch over after the quiz.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Welcome to our weekly program, ‘Fun with language’. As always, we have Sally Smith here.

Sally Smith: Good afternoon.

Presenter: So today you’re going to tell us about the development of the English language after William Shakespeare’s time?

Sally Smith: Exactly. The development of the English language took a giant step just nine years before the death of Shakespeare. A great event in its development was when three small British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1607. They landed in an area that would later become the southern American state of Virginia and they began the first of several British colonies. The name of the first small colony was Jamestown.

Presenter: I’m afraid I don’t see the connection, Sally!

Sally Smith: Just a little patience! From the very beginning, the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived, which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do. For example, the names of many of the great rivers in the United States are taken from Native American words - the Mississippi, the Tennessee.

Presenter: Any other words apart from geographical names?

Sally Smith: Sure! Other Native American words include ‘moccasin’, the kind of shoe made from animal skin that Indians wore on their feet. This borrowing or adding of foreign words to English was a way of expanding the language. And don’t forget that Britain had other colonies all around the world. English also became part of these colonies. Of course, today these former colonies are independent states, but in many of them English is still one of the languages spoken. Over the centuries the English language grew as words were added from all these native languages.

Presenter: Can you give us a few more examples?

Sally Smith: Well, let’s see, the word ‘shampoo’ - meaning soap for the hair - came from India. ‘Banana’ is believed to be from Africa. At the same time, there are quite a few English words whose origin we just don’t understand. For hundreds of years, a dog was called a ‘hound’. ’Hound’ is still used, but not as commonly as the word ‘dog’, yet experts truly don’t know where the word ‘dog’ came from or when. English speakers just started using it. Other words whose origins are unknown include ‘fun’, ‘bad’ and ‘big’.

Presenter: When did English stop producing new words?

Sally Smith: It has never stopped. English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words, for example is how the words ‘motor’ and ‘hotel’ were linked to become the word ‘motel’ - a small hotel near a road where people travelling in cars can stay for the night.

Presenter: What about acronyms? It seems new ones appear every day.

Sally Smith: True, but not all of them became widely known. And sometimes we forget that a word actually began as an acronym. Everyone knows what ‘radar’ is - a device to find objects that cannot be seen. But few people know that radar is an acronym for Radio Detecting and Ranging.

Presenter: I’m going to ask a question several people may have already asked you. How many words are there in the English language?

Sally Smith: Well, no one really knows. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about 615,000 words. Yet many scientific words not in the dictionary could increase the number to almost a million. What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word ‘mouse’. A mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count ‘mouse’ two times?

Presenter: Thank you, Sally.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

ВАРИАНТ 2

Задание 1

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

I enjoy movie-going and try to see all the latest releases. Every weekend there’s something new on the big screen and this is what’s great about the movies in my opinion. With drama theatre such variety is virtually impossible. But with the movies, you can always find something according to your taste and mood. If you feel like laughing, there are many excellent comedies now, but if you need something serious, there are deep movies, too.

Speaker В

What I hate about modem cinema is the obvious lack of original stories. I’m tired of one and the same storyline repeated in movie after movie. If a director takes a plot from the classics, pretty soon there’s another film using the same story, sometimes even in the same year. I suppose that for some people it can be interesting to compare different versions of the same story, but for the majority of cinema-goers it’s very disappointing.

Speaker C

I don’t often watch films, either at home or at the cinema. If I do, it’s usually something unknown to the general audience, not a blockbuster. I think modem cinema is all about making money, sorry to say. Directors just want people to buy tickets and the easiest way to do this is to invite world famous stars because everyone wants to see them. Unfortunately, too many talented young actors and actresses can’t get ahead because of this.

Speaker D

I think there are two categories of films - films that make us feel good and films that make us think. Everybody knows that both are important. The first category is an excellent remedy against boredom and bad moods, whereas the second one gives us food for thought. Some people say it’s worth watching only films with important messages, but I think those people are being arrogant. In fact, I think it’s unhealthy to watch serious films only.

Speaker E

If you watch old black-and-white movies, like the classics with Chaplin, you’ll quickly understand that modem cinema is getting worse and worse. It may seem that computer technology and special effects must really make a movie more exciting for the audience, but it’s just one aspect of film making and not the most crucial one, in my opinion. Modem actors rely on special effects too much and they forget about good acting. I miss it.

In my opinion, new films are all about money. You rarely see deep feelings and emotions or the thoughts and hidden secrets of interesting characters. Too often it’s just guns and meaningless chases and fights all the time. The worst thing though is that such films romanticize this way of life, especially in the eyes of teenagers, who end up thinking that’s what real life is like. Cinematography should be educational, bringing out the best in people.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Fred: Hi, Jane! I haven’t seen you for ages. How are you?

Jane: Oh, hi, Fred! It’s great to see you. I’m fine, thanks. How about you?

Fred: Same. Hey, you look so busy. What are you doing?

Jane: Now? Nothing at all now. I was studying, working away happily, but I had to stop because my computer crashed for some reason. The screen just went blank and that’s it. That’s why I have the rest of the day free.

Fred: Oh, no, did you lose the files you were working on?

Jane: I don’t know. I might have. We’ll see as soon as it’s back to normal.

Fred: I hope it’s not some nasty virus - there are a lot of them on the Internet now, you know. Have you downloaded anything recently?

Jane: I have, so you’re probably right. I’ll just have to consult a specialist. And I’ll need a decent firewall, too, I guess.

Fred: Well, I’m not using my laptop at the moment. Would you like to borrow it? It’s not much of an offer as it’s quite old and the screen is rather small, but you could probably make do with it while yours is being fixed. That’s better than nothing, right?

Jane: Thanks, that’s very kind of you, but I do really hope tomorrow I’ll get my computer back. I’ll still have plenty of time to study.

Fred: Okay, if you say so. If you change your mind though, just give me a ring, I’ll be happy to help out.

Jane: Agreed. By the way, would you like to come to the movie tonight? I think they’re giving away two tickets for the price of one.

Fred: Well, I don’t know. What’s playing?

Jane: I’m not sure.

Fred: Well, I like going to the movies, but I’m not going if I don’t know what film we’re going to see.

Jane: Wait a minute - I have a newspaper somewhere in my bag. Hold on - I’m trying to find the right page. Okay, here it is: look, it’s a new horror film. How about that?

Fred: A horror film? Definitely not. You know I always have nightmares when I see horror films. We went to see one last year and by the end I was shaking with terror. That’s just not my cup of tea.

Jane: Oh, all right. I guess I’ll have to go by myself then. See you on Monday.

Fred: Sorry about that - maybe next time.

Jane: No problem. Bye for now!

Fred: Bye!

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Hello, everybody, and welcome to our weekly program ‘Readers’ Club’. Today we are discussing the future of books in our high-tech society. Here’s our expert - James Chandler.

James Chandler: Good afternoon.

Presenter: So, James, are books going to disappear in the near future?

James Chandler: Not at all. Despite fears that the so called electronic media - especially radio, television, and videos - might damage book publishing, the opposite seems to be true. Book sales since the introduction of television have increased considerably, well beyond the increase in population. In fact, the USA leads in the number of books read per capita. These books include just about every kind of topic from mysteries to biographies, from histories to gardening, from cookbooks to encyclopedias.

Presenter: It’s good to hear that, but rather unexpected. So how has this happened, the survival of books in the electronic media age?

James Chandler: In fact, several reasons have been offered to account for this. I would like to name just three of them, which seem the most important to me.

Presenter: What is the first one?

James Chandler: First, American schools have traditionally stressed and tried to develop the ‘love of reading’, and this strategy has been successful. You can find people reading everywhere - on city buses, in airports, during lunch breaks, on the beach, and not only books but newspapers and magazines, too.

Presenter: It’s difficult to disagree with you here. What’s the second reason?

James Chandler: Secondly, public libraries have always been very active in communities throughout the country. Here, too, the general policy has been to get books to people rather than to protect the books from people. A favorite way of raising money for libraries is to have thousands of used books donated by the community and then to have a book sale, where the deals can be irresistible: ‘Any five books - just $1Г. The money made in this fashion goes to buy new books for the library. Such popular community fund-raising activities also increase the people’s feeling that the library belongs to them.

Presenter: Okay, and the final reason is...

James Chandler: Well, the third and probably most important reason is that there are no laws which control book sellers or fix prices. Anyone can sell new and used books at discount and sale prices, and just about everyone does. For many years now, books have been sold everywhere, in drug stores and supermarkets, department stores and 24-hour $hops, through book clubs and at colleges, as well as in regular book stores. Many university book stores are student-owned and run. They operate on a nonprofit basis, that is, all profits go towards keeping the prices of books down, for paying the student employees, and often to support student scholarships and other financial aid.

Presenter: I had no idea there are so many ways to buy and sell books.

James Chandler: I should probably also mention large ‘paperback supermarkets’ located in most shopping centers, which mainly sell paperback books on a variety of subjects. These, too, have done a great deal to keep the book trade healthy and growing by keeping the cost of books down. Nationwide, radio and television shows, new movies, and filmed versions of books have often helped to create spectacular book sales as well.

Presenter: Thank you, James.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

ВАРИАНТ 3

Задание 1

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

My mom says I can’t have a pet. That’s too bad because I really want one. If I could choose, I’d put up guinea pigs. They are so cute! And they are intelligent as well. When you come home, they greet you with funny sounds and you can feed them with veggies. My friend’s got a guinea pig and I sometimes play with it when I come round. I envy my friend so much! Maybe my mom will change her mind but I really doubt it. She never does.

Speaker В

I am in high school so it’s a lot of stress for me. I would never have thought that high school would be so difficult. There’s much too much homework as well so what I need to relax. That’s why my parents gave me fish for my last birthday. I have a small aquarium and three gold fish there. They are so serene. When I watch them, I feel much better. I also think they recognize me but it’s probably because I feed them, because they recognize my sister too.

Speaker C

I’ve got a cat. His name is Fluffy and he’s adorable! Cats are everything one can dream about! I believe he’s very much like me. He picks up my mood immediately. If I’m in the pink, he’s so playful but when I’m sad or just feeling a bit under the weather, he’ll stay away from me or approach me later to sit on my lap. I think cats are extremely intelligent animals. Of course, you may not believe me, but when you have a cat, you’ll see it!

Speaker D

My brother has got a snake which I hate! I can’t stand their slimy skin and I generally feel red alert when they are nearby. I reckon government should forbid people to have snakes as pets as snakes could be dangerous. What if they bite you? Or if a little kid wants to play with it - what happens then? My brother is very keen on various reptiles, though, and even dreaming of getting some kind of a lizard too. He’s really very strange, if you ask me ...

Speaker E

Many people have recently started to take different exotic animals as their pets. I guess it’s in fashion now. If you have an exotic pet, people admire it and pay a lot of attention to you, consequently. At the same time exotic pets can seem too eccentric. For example, my cousin bought two pairs of Madagascar cockroaches and do you know what “they did? They ran away and he found them later in his slippers. That’s too much, take it from me!

Speaker F

I’ve got a parrot of all pets. I’ve always been dreaming about getting a bird, you see. My parrot can talk - and I sometimes seriously think that it really talks to people, not only simply copies what people around it say. I often teach my parrot to talk and it can reproduce what I say very well. I know not all parrots can talk, actually, so I’m lucky mine can! It is something I can boast about to my school friends and the guys living next door to me.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

James: Hi, Laura! Long time no see. How are things?

Laura: Oh hi, James. It’s good to see you.

James: Wait a minute - you look so upset and your eyes are red as if you have been crying. Have you been crying?

Laura: Is it so easy to notice?

James: Honestly, it’s pretty obvious. What’s up? You know you can always tell me anything - I can keep a secret.

Laura: No secret here,, except that I’m an idiot! I’ve spent loads of money on the sales. I really don’t know where it’s all gone.

James: The Christmas sales?

Laura: Some, yes, but mainly, well, you know, there’s a big one on at Wesley supermarket on High Street, right now.

James: Hang on - it’s all about clothes, isn’t it?

Laura: You got it.

James: Girls will be girls - it’s easy to guess. So how much did you spend then?

Laura: Enough, believe me! But the point is, when I came home, I understood I don’t even like some of the clothes I had bought. At the shop they all seemed truly fantastic - and incredibly cheap. How could I come home with loads of rubbish and with no money left?

James: That’s what sales are about, especially Christmas ones. You think it’s a bargain and it makes you buy spontaneously what you haven’t planned on. As a result, you buy things because of their price. You know what they say - “Where else will I find such inexpensive shoes?” But you can’t even wear them sometimes. The shop is happy though.

Laura: That’s exactly my case. Do you boys ever get into this trap - or is it specifically for silly girls?

James: Laura, don’t be so hard on yourself. Things do happen - even with boys. You are passionate about clothes but boys can do some stupid things to buy a gadget. The thing is you know your weakness so you can fight it. Next time don’t even enter a shop which has a “Sale” sign on it and you’ll be fine.

Laura: Thanks, James. I’ll take your advice. You are such a good friend!

James: Thanks! Look - we do need to lift up your spirits. Mmm ... let’s go for a cup of coffee. There’s a nice coffee shop nearby.

Laura: Okay, I think I need a cup of cappuccino. And, perhaps, a piece of chocolate cake ... James: Let’s go then.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Hello, everybody! My name is Ann and welcome to our weekly program about music. Today we’ll discuss musical training but from a very peculiar angle. Here’s our expert Diane Smith. Here you go, Diane!

Diane Smith: Thank you and hello to everyone. I’m so pleased to be here with you today.

Presenter: I know your office has conducted some research on musical training and education. Could you please give more details on that?

Diane Smith: Sure! Our idea was that musical training seems to improve communication skills. We found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists say that could help children with learning disabilities.

Presenter: That’s amazing! What is the mechanism which works behind it?

Diane Smith: Actually, it’s relatively simple. Neurobiologists have proved that musical training involves putting together different kinds of information. They say the process involves hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. They also believe the process is not much different from learning how to speak. Both involve different senses, for instance.

Presenter: So music and speech pass through the same structure of the nervous system.

Diane Smith: Exactly! It’s called the brain stem, which controls our ability to hear. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But our team found that musical training can improve a person’s brain stem activity. Our study was reported in the Proceedings in the National Academy of Sciences last month.

Presenter: Tell us more about your study. Did you ask people to participate in some sort of experiment?

Diane Smith: Yes, we had to. The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument - the cello.

Presenter: Why cello?

Diane Smith: That’s because we think cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.

Presenter: And you have come to the conclusion that there is a connection between musical training and other .academic skills?

Diane-Smith: We found that the more years of training people had the more sensitive they were to the sound and beat of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. So it definitely helps to learn native and foreign languages, Math - various subjects, actually.

Presenter: You said your discovery can help children with learning disabilities.

Diane Smith: Oh yes. The study shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Using music to improve listening skills could mean such children hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.

Presenter: I believe your discovery must be very widely used even as we speak.

Diane Smith: One would think so but alas, it isn’t so easy in this country. We need more experiments and we’ll have to face more red tape before we can introduce it to a comprehensive school for instance. We do have several special schools where the experiment is still being done and its results are being taken into consideration.

Presenter: Thank you very much, Diane.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

ВАРИАНТ 4

Задание 1

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

I do think modem technology can only improve traditional classical music. Let’s take Ellen Zwilich, for instance. You may have heard that her music is often described as very complex but nevertheless still quite accessible, appealing to wider audiences. I know that in 1983 she even became the first female composer to win a Pulitzer Prize. I’m sure that thanks to technology, more music is available to more people than at any time in history.

Speaker В

I like music which can be described as minimalist, though not by composers themselves, of course. They would rather have people describe their music as having repeating structures. I also enjoy music which experiments with many different sounds and composers who can do many things - write operas, concertos and symphonies, work on projects with singers, dancers and artists. The more variations they have, I believe, the better.

Speaker C

I think success and popularity in music aren’t so easy to achieve at any age or epoch - and in modem times, too. I find that many composers have exciting premieres, where their music is played in public for the first time. But the real measure of success is whether or not their music gets replayed. For example, performance groups might want to buy the rights to play the work live. Or the music might get recorded and sold on CD or online.

Speaker D

I’m trying to write music myself. When I’m in the process of writing a piece, I daydream a lot, trying to work out what might be interesting for people to listen to or perform. I write down my ideas with a pencil in a music notebook. The point is that I consider not only what would be interesting for the musicians to play, but also what would be interesting for the audience to hear. Next, I play some ideas on the piano before putting it into a computer.

Speaker E

I can say I’m quite a music lover, but I especially respect those composers who write music for people who may have no experience with classical music. I think you don’t need to have a music degree and you don’t even need to have been to a concert hall. What if this was someone coming to music for the very first time? Maybe they’ve never heard classical music. So give it a chance, see what they think. Thus you can attract a new audience.

Speaker F

I love music but I came late to it. I actually didn’t grow up listening to classical music. I taught myself to play the flute at the age of fifteen. I began my musical schooling three years later. Soon, I became interested in composing and started writing music for the piano. I now teach composition at the local music school for disabled children. They are such a joy to me, so patient and positive; it’s not difficult to work with them at all. I love it!

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Amanda: Hi, Trevor! I haven’t seen you for ages!

Trevor: Oh, hi, Amanda! Nice to see you too!

Amanda: Listen, Trevor, do you like the beach?

Trevor: I love the beach. It’s really great. Why?

Amanda: I was just wondering, it’s nothing special. Why do you love the beach?

Trevor: I can’t imagine anyone who doesn’t like-the beach! It’s nice fresh air, beautiful water, you can play in the sand, and my hobby is surfing, you know, so I like to go surfing.

Amanda: Oh ... I see, nice. As for me, I’m afraid of extreme sports. And how often do you go surfing?

Trevor: I try to go as often as possible, usually every weekend. That’s the point of living near the beach, that’s what I enjoy about it - you can go very often!

Amanda: Okay. So when exactly do you go to the beach? Saturday? Sunday?

Trevor: Usually I try to go to the beach early on a Saturday morning when there are few people there. I guess I try to beat the crowds.

Amanda: I see. What do you do at the beach besides surfing? It’s impossible to surf all day long.

Trevor: Oh, I just relax on the sand, watch the people, maybe have a swim and throw a Frisbee. Things like that. I just enjoy myself.

Amanda: And how long have you been surfing?

Trevor: Let me remember ... I think since I was ten years old. Yeah, I’ve been practising surfing for fifteen years already. Isn’t that incredible? I didn’t realize it’s been such a long time!

Amanda: Wow, since you were ten. That’s great! And what do you take to the beach when you go?

Trevor: I don’t need a lot of stuff, I’m a light packer. Well, maybe that’s what I take - a towel, and my hat, my sunscreen, my surfboard, wetsuit, some food and water, and maybe a radio or a player with a couple of cassettes.

Amanda: OK. How are the beaches different here in Australia compared with other countries? I believe you must see some differences!

Trevor: The beaches are much bigger here and you have white sand, clean water, which is very nice. I like that.

Amanda: Okay. Well, it sounds good. Thanks a lot, Trevor. I’ve got to go now.

Trevor: Okay, Amanda. Catch you later.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: And here we are with our program “Learn more about the world”. Today we’ll tell you about snow. Here’s our expert in meteorology. Welcome, Jane!

Jane: Good afternoon, everybody.

Presenter: So, Jane, what is snow?

Jane: Snow is a form of frozen water. It contains many groups of tiny ice particles called snow crystals. They grow from water particles in cold clouds around pieces of dust.

Presenter: Is it true that every snow crystal is different?

Jane: It’s true but only to some extent. All snow crystals have 6 sides, but they grow in different shapes which depends mainly on the temperature and water levels in the air. Snow crystals grow in one of two designs - plate-like and columnar. Plate-like crystals are flat. They form when the air temperature is about 15 degrees below zero Celsius. Columnar snow crystals look like sticks of ice. They form when the temperature is about minus 5.

Presenter: So the shape of a snow crystal may change as the crystal passes through levels of air with different temperatures.

Jane: Exactly!

Presenter: Okay. Why is snow sometimes white and sometimes blue?

Jane: Generally, the color of snow and ice appears white because the light we see from the sun is white. Most natural materials take in some sunlight which defines their color. However, when light travels from air to snow, some light is reflected. Snow crystals have many surfaces to reflect sunlight. Yet the snow takes in a little sunlight. It is this light that gives snow its white appearance. Sometimes, snow or ice may appear blue. The blue light is the product of a long travel path through the snow or ice. In simple terms, think of snow or ice as a filter.

Presenter: Amazing! And which areas have the most snowfall?

Jane: That’s easy for me, considering my job. The heaviest snowfalls have been reported in the mountains of certain areas during winter including the Alps in Italy and- Switzerland, the coastal mountains of western Canada, and the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains in the USA. In warmer climates as well, sometimes, snow is known to fall in areas over 4900 meters above sea level. But that’s a rare thing.

Presenter: Snow is beautiful but it might be dangerous as well.

Jane: It’s always good to keep necessary supplies at home even before winter begins, such as food, medicine, clean water, and extra power supplies. If a driver becomes trapped in a car during a snowstorm, they should remain in or near their car unless they see some help. People should tie a bright-colored object to the top of their car to increase the chance of rescue. Inside the car, they should open a window a little for fresh air and turn on the engine for 10 or 15 minutes every hour for heat.

Presenter: Yes, I see, snow must be respected. Any other possible dangers?

Jane: Avalanches and red algae which people sometimes eat with snow. It may cause a digestion disorder. In addition to snow blindness which you can get from overexposure to the brightness of snow on the eye retinas. It can also drive people crazy. This kind of hysteria can cause a variety of symptoms including running naked in the snow. Note that this isn’t the same as the Scandinavian ritual following the sauna!

Presenter: Is there anything positive about snow then?

Jane: Well, snowfall helps to protect plants and wild animals from cold. Moreover, much of the water we use comes from snow. Melting snow provides water for rivers, electric power centers and agricultural crops. In the western USA, for instance, mountain snow provides up to 75 percent of all surface water supplies.

Presenter: Thanks, Jane.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

ВАРИАНТ 5

Задание 1

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

From my experience one thing seems to stand out - teachers are really very passionate people. I believe teachers’ passion to their subject spreads to their students. At the same time I heartedly agree with my friend Mara Drogan that students need to bring something to the table to meet us half way. They should do some background reading or prepare projects, or at least not sleep during lectures. That’s when the true magic happens.

Speaker В

The major factor that makes my work as a teacher difficult is the extremely low pay. The ugly truth is that this affects the amount of work I want to do for my job. The second factor is very poorly prepared students. I have some college students who have trouble with reading comprehension, understanding basic concepts and writing. This makes it very challenging to teach history and critical thinking, especially in mixed groups of students.

Speaker C

You cannot truly teach and NOT be charged with sharing knowledge with the world around you. This is the bodhisattva factor, that’s what it’s called. My work continues to keep me in close contact with modesty ... really. I believe no teacher can be a know-it-all. In nearly every class my students share with me some information that I am unaware of. And I’m not ashamed to admit this because life continues to be an unfolding mystery for me.

Speaker D

I taught my first class fourteen years ago and I’m still teaching. I can’t imagine what I would be doing if I weren’t teaching. It’s a lot of work, and it’s often very exhausting, but so rewarding at the same time. And I don’t mean the salary, you know. The interactions, the people I meet and learn from every day, the conversations around art and so on. I can’t imagine my life without teaching. I wouldn’t trader it for all the riches in the world.

Speaker E

I’d say funding for students, the cost of education and living in a city is expensive, in Canada especially. A lot of my students work for many hours to fund their education as well as go to school. They don’t have the time or money to really think about something for a long time before deciding what to do. They also don’t have time and money to experiment, play and discover - there’s anxiety about grades and having job-applicable skills.

Speaker F

Most of my students take my classes because they are obligatory, so if I can persuade a few of them each semester that studying history isn’t the worst thing that ever happened to them, I feel I’ve done well and achieved my purpose. Having a student tell me they’ve decided to further their education in history after taking my class is the best thing to hear because this means I have managed to touch secret strings in their young hearts.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Now we are ready to start.

Linda: Hi, Frank! Are you still free for the evening? I hope you are because I’ve got us a video for tonight.

Frank: Oh, hi, Linda! Great news! What film did you get?

Linda: I got The Patriot - Mel Gibson’s in it.

Frank: Oh, I’ve already seen that. Sorry. But you know what? You watch it if you want to.

Linda: Well, I don’t know then. What’s it like?

Frank: Well, frankly speaking, I didn’t like it very much. But the main character’s good. Mel Gibson plays a guy who fought in the French and Indian wars, and he’s really sick of war, so when the War of Independence starts, he isn’t interested in it at all. But then the British start doing different terrible things, and he decides that he still has to fight.

Linda: So it’s a good story, then. At least it sounds so.

Frank: Well ... no, not really. The main story’s OK but it’s very long. And there’s a lot of stuff about his family that’s really over-emotional and too sentimental. And there are two love stories that just aren’t very interesting - in my opinion they simply take your attention away from the main story.

Linda: Oh...that doesn’t sound promising.

Frank: And the dialogue is terrible. It’s too emotional at times and sometimes it sounds really modem which doesn’t suit the genre if you understand what I mean.

Linda: Yes, I think I see your point. Is there anything good about the film at all?

Frank: Oh, yes. It looks terrific. The photography’s wonderful - it’s a very beautiful film. The settings and the costumes are also really great.

Linda: So it’s realistic? I mean as a historical film?

Frank: Well, erm, no, I didn’t think so.

Linda: What do you mean?

Frank: Well, I thought it was too simplified. The British were all really horrible and violent, and the Americans were all good and honorable. It was too black and white. Oh, and some of it was too modem - like the Mel Gibson character had a plantation, but he didn’t have any slaves on it! That sort of thing was ridiculous.

Linda: Anyway, would you advise me to watch it with all its drawbacks?

Frank: Erm, I don’t think so, but you might enjoy the love story part.

Linda: Oh, but I like historical films in general. I think I am going to watch it all the same and then I’ll tell you what I think about the love stories and the historical accuracy.

You have IS seconds to complete the task. (Pause IS seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have IS seconds to check your answers. (Pause IS seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Hello everybody and it’s great that you are here with our program again! Now in our studio we have David Morris, a pilot with British Airways. Hi, David! Are you looking forward to the interview?

Speaker: Hi. Yes, I am, actually - I love talking.

Presenter: What we want to do today is to find out a bit about your new job; what you have to do and how you’re getting along.

Speaker: Well, where do I begin? Umm, my name is David Morris, and I am currently living in Barcelona. I am single and 32 years old. My family has always been related to aviation, my father was a military pilot. I have been working as a pilot for British Airways for 4 months, and it is a very exciting time for me. Previously I flew for a number of smaller airlines in England, but I always wanted to fly on international routes.

Presenter: So, what exactly is your current job?

Speaker: I am what is called a reserve pilot. This means that I don’t have a regular workload, but I am a backup pilot, in case one of the more senior pilots gets sick, or something goes wrong with the airline’s plans. So I am ‘on-call’ most of the time, waiting for my pager to go off.

Presenter: What happens when you do get paged?

Speaker: I have to get to the airport as soon as I can. I have to have my uniform and luggage packed all the time, so that I’m ready to go at a moment’s notice; I usually have to be at the airport within 75 minutes of receiving the call.

Presenter: Well, David, being oh call all the time must make things difficult for you. Doesn’t it drive you crazy?

Speaker: Sometimes I get a bit annoyed, especially if I’m at a restaurant or watching a movie. But I also know that it’s part of the business of becoming a First Officer and that all the other pilots have been through the same education process - you have to start somewhere if you want to get to the top in this business.

Presenter: How long do you stay on reserve? Do you get any time off?

Speaker: Oh yes, yes, of course! Usually I have a few days on reserve, then a few days off.

Presenter: I see. Do you have a flat in Barcelona?

Speaker: Well, I share a flat with two other reserve pilots. It’s not a bad place but the problem is that we’re never there at the same time. It’s almost impossible to plan meals or activities together. It’s a real pity because Peter and Michael are great guys, but we’re lucky to share a cup of coffee once a week!

Presenter: Do you need to do more training at this stage of your career?

Speaker: For pilots there is always more training - everything changes constantly, and you need to be aware of it all. But at the moment it’s pretty quiet - I did a 3-month training program before I came here, learning about the company and our particular regulations and procedures. Then we had a final flight test or line check as it is sometimes called. Now I have an endorsement to fly A320s. Now that I’ve made it, I realize everything isn’t plain sailing, and I’ll have to keep working hard to progress.

Presenter: Well, it all sounds very thorough. Thanks David, that’s been very informative.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

ВАРИАНТ 6

Задание 1

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

I’ve used a lot of jersey, but I’ve also done a lot of complex pattern weaves in fabrics in bright colours, and there are lots of little dresses for cocktail and evening. I’ve done a series of very important evening dresses as well just to show that these two ideas can also work well together. Today’s woman can wear an important evening dress or a simple pant and top. It’s all in the personality of the woman rather than in some fixed norms.

Speaker В

A duct tape dress is not only an odd and unpredictable way to show up for the dance at school at the end of the academic year, it’s also a chance to win a complete college scholarship. I heard Duck Brand Duct Tape runs an annual contest for crafty school leavers who construct their own formal outfits out of the company’s tape. Other materials may be used or incorporated into the design, but duct tape should be the main material.

Speaker C

I read in a schoolbook that Elizabethan women and men were not allowed to wear whatever color of clothes they liked! It didn’t matter how wealthy they were - the color, fabric and material of their clothes were dictated by their rank, status or position and this was even enforced by English law! It was designed to limit the amount of money people spend on clothes - and of course to maintain the social structure of the Elizabethan Class system!

Speaker D

Progressively, over the centuries, society has developed the use of clothing as a mask. Clothing was originally used and designed to protect people from heat and cold, to stop themselves from getting burned or frozen. It was also used to enhance attractiveness and for ritual and ceremonial reasons. In the latter centuries, people developed a cultural dependency on clothing. It became a mask for perceived personality and character deficiencies then.

Speaker E

At Stagewear Limited we tailor make costumes for every kind of entertainment, all across the globe - from television to film productions, from luxury cruise performances to chart topping artists, cabaret performers, and brass bands. We have costumed nearly everything over our 40 years in the business. Everything we make is to your own personal requirements, with the highest quality, durable stageproof materials.

Speaker F

I’m interested in Egypt and I’ve read a lot about this culture. The Egyptian climate with its hot summers and mild winters favored light clothing made from plant fibers, mostly linen and in Roman times occasionally cotton. Wool was used less. Animal skins were sometimes worn by priests and by pharaohs in their role as first servants of the God. At times kings and queens wore decorative ceremonial clothing adorned with feathers and so on.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказало, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Nancy: Hi, Phillip! It’s good to see you! How was your day? Did you survive?

Phillip: Oh, hi, Nancy. Yes, it was fine, thanks.

Nancy: I was worried about you a bit, you know. Did you find the college easily?

Phillip: Yes, that was no problem. It’s right in the centre of town.

Nancy: Did you get the number 15 bus like I said?

Phillip: Yes, but it was a bit embarrassing anyway, because I didn’t know where to get a ticket. In my country you buy them from newsagent’s shops, so I went into a shop to buy a ticket, but they didn’t know what I was talking about. That’s funny, right?

Nancy: Oh, I should have told you about that! You just pay on the bus! I am so sorry, Phillip!

Phillip: Well, I know that now, so that’s okay. Oh ... and another embarrassing thing happened ... I met some English girls at lunchtime at the college, and I tried to kiss them when we were introduced. It’s quite normal in my country - but I think they were a bit surprised!

Nancy: Oh, I think they were probably pleased! But you’re right; we don’t really tend to kiss strangers in this country. I wonder if there was anything else that you found strange today.

Phillip: Erm, no, I don’t think so. Some things are different from home but more often it is better, really. Like at lunchtime, I could go out and buy things and go to the bank. You can’t do that in my country because everything’s closed between 12 and 3 o’clock. That was convenient!

Nancy: I see. And what classes did you have?

Phillip: I had Math and Introduction to Public Speaking.

Nancy: How was it?

Phillip: Pretty good, I must say. I liked the teacher of Public Speaking very much. She seems to be very experienced and when she outlined the course I thought I would learn a lot from it really. Erm ... Math is pretty OK, though it seemed a bit hard at first. The teacher went straight to the topic and we have some problems to solve for homework.

Nancy: Will you have to deliver speeches in class? I remember when I was taking this course all the students in the group were preparing different speeches.

Phillip: I suppose so. The teacher said the next lesson we are going to do some practical tasks.

Nancy: That’s very interesting.

Phillip: And that’s what I really need to improve my language skills.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Hello everybody and welcome to our program about famous people of our times! Today we are talking to the well-known author and director David Mason. Welcome, David, and congratulations on the opening of your new film Alberts Memorial.

Speaker: Hello. Thank you for inviting me and a separate thank you for noticing my achievement, it really means a lot to me.

Presenter: So, was Albert’s Memorial a personal project?

Speaker: Yes, I believe, it was. I simply jumped at the chance of doing something that pays tribute to World War II veterans because I don’t think they are remembered as much as they should be. As a nation, we owe them such a huge debt for their part in history. And this was one small way to acknowledge it.

Presenter: Do you have any memories of the war yourself?

Speaker: Well, I was a little boy at the time - born six months after the beginning of the war. But I recall that my dad was in the home guard in Finchley, London, where we lived. He’d tell us about bombs dropping all around us one night and missing our house by about 150 yards. People read about all that in books ... But if the bomber had been just one degree off, I wouldn’t be here today.

Presenter: Filming Alberts Memorial was long and must have been quite tiring. Where do you get your endless energy from? I bet many people are wondering about that.

Speaker: Well, when I’m working, I’m completely dedicated to the job. I refuse to go out of town, and I’d never have the energy to attend a party, have a few drinks and then get up and work the next day. Working itself is the thing that fires me up. I can never imagine wanting to retire.

Presenter: What is your personal way of dealing with problems?

Speaker: Well ... like everyone else, I can get mad about things. I’ve tried lots of techniques, from keeping a diary noting down everything I feel to seeking professional help. But what really works for me is thinking about the worst-case scenario and whether I could deal with that - nearly always the answer is “Yes, I hope so”, and then things don’t seem so bad.

Presenter: How do you unwind after work?

Speaker: Well, when I was younger I‘d say: a glass of wine and the telly - gritty crime and comedy series ... Certainly not for me nowadays. I’d rather just have a few friends round to relax and chat over a nice meal.

Presenter: Your work involves a lot of travelling. Is it tricky to fit in family life?

Speaker: Well, constant travelling has always been normal for me. But, at one time, my wife Jill did say that I should spend more time with her and our daughter Sophie, and I took notice of what she said. It can be tough on your family when you are always working, sometimes for weeks at a time, even though we phone each other as often as we can. But I try to make up for it when I’m back, although I do get restless between projects.

Presenter: Are there advantages of becoming a father later in life?

Speaker: Yes. I was over 40 when Sophie was born and, hopefully, I had a bit more wisdom than I did at 20. I think being a young parent can sometimes mean you also lack patience. Overall, I love being a dad and watching all the stages that Sophie goes through.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.